Birdwatcher’s Guide: African Safari’s Must-See Birds
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When most people go on safari, they look forward to seeing animals like lions, rhinos, giraffes, elephants, and many others. Of course, these are incredible creatures to spot in the wild, but did you know that there are also almost 2,500 species of birds in Africa?
The sheer diversity among African bird species is astonishing, from birds or prey to brightly colored, showy birds, aquatic birds, and everything in between. They live in a range of different habitats, including woodlands, the savanna, mountains, wetlands, and so many others so, no matter where you go in Africa, you’re sure to spot an abundance of birds.
If you love birds then this giant continent is one of the best places on the planet to spot a plethora of exciting species. In this article, I’ll provide a brief introduction to some of the most fascinating and where you can spot them.
Birds of Prey
Birds of prey, sometimes called raptors, are found in most places around the world. Their excellent hunting abilities are among the best in the animal kingdom, and Africa is home to some very interesting species.
1. Secretary Bird (Sagittarius serpentarius)
The secretary bird is one of the most interesting bird species in Africa and has a very unique appearance. It’s a large bird, measuring up to 4.9 feet (1.5 meters) in height and has long legs with an eagle-like body. These birds are usually white with black markings including black plumage around the head and an orange mask around the eyes.
One of the most interesting things about the secretary bird is its feeding habits. These birds of prey primarily feed on snakes, but they don’t catch them in a traditional manner. Secretary birds will use their strong legs to stamp on a snake and kill it. They’ll often be seen hanging around wildfires, waiting for potential prey to flee.
Secretary birds are extremely territorial and will defend an area of up to 193 mi2 (500 km2) in breeding pairs.
Where to See Them
The secretary bird prefers open habitats where it can easily spot prey, such as savannas and grasslands. During the day, they’ll spend most of their time on the ground but will retire to roost in an acacia tree for the night.
They’re found across sub-Saharan Africa in countries like Kenya, Botswana, South Africa, and Namibia and can be seen in various national parks such as Kruger, Serengeti, Maasai Mara, and Chobe.
When to See Them
If you’re looking to spot the secretary bird then the good news is that they remain active year-round and don’t tend to migrate, save for going in search of water. However, they may be easier to spot between May and October, during the dry season, since there’s not as much vegetation for them to hide out in.
2. African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer)
The African fish eagle has a beautiful white head in contrast to its brown body, giving it that iconic eagle appearance. These large birds can grow up to 30 inches (76 cm) with a wingspan of up to 79 inches (201 cm). They’re often found in coastal areas where they will hunt for fish after waiting patiently in a nearby tree before swooping down on its prey.
African fish eagles have special structures on the toes called spiracles, which allow them to get a firm grip on their prey, which may otherwise slip from their grasp. However, they don’t just rely on fish for food, as their diet also consists of other birds and reptiles. Being a top predator, these birds help to control prey populations.
The African fish eagle lays two to three eggs during breeding season, and pairs form a bond, caring for two nests which they use from one season to the next.
Where to See Them
The African fish eagle prefers a waterside habitat, so you’ll often see them around lakes and rivers, but they’re also common along the coast. They are found in sub-Saharan Africa in countries such as Botswana, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania.
Most people head to one of the national parks on safari, so if you’re keen to spot the African fish eagle, then try the Chobe National Park in Botswana, the Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda, the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, or the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.
When to See Them
Being a diurnal species, your best chance of spotting the African fish eagle is by taking a daytime safari.
During the mid-morning through to the afternoon, you’ll often see African fish eagles looking for food around bodies of water. While they are active throughout the year, you’re more likely to see one in the dry season, between May and October since the water level drops, and they’re more easily able to hunt.
There’s a good chance you’ll hear this bird before you see it. It’s known for its loud call, which it makes while tossing its head backwards.
3. Martial Eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus)
A large, majestic-looking eagle species, the martial eagle may grow up to 38 inches (97 cm) in length with a wingspan of 94 inches (240 cm)! They have mainly gray plumage with a short tail and short, hooked beak. This beak is used to rip apart the flesh of its prey.
And that’s one of the most fascinating things about this bird, which is sometimes called the leopard of the air due to its amazing hunting abilities. Not only is it equipped with a powerful beak and sharp talons, but this bird also has incredible vision, allowing it to spot prey from as far as 1.9 to 3 miles (3 to 5 km) away!
The martial eagle feeds on both mammalian and reptilian prey, with some reports of these birds going for small ungulates. But then, that’s not as much of a surprise when you consider that this is the largest eagle species in Africa.
Where to See Them
Found across sub-Saharan Africa, the martial eagle can be spotted in some of the most well known national parks, including Etosha in Namibia, the Kruger National Park in South Africa, Chobe in Botswana, and the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. However, these birds are also common in countries like Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Zambia.
When to See Them
Martial eagles tend to hunt first thing in the morning and again during the late afternoon, so this is definitely the best time to spot them.
It doesn’t matter what time of year you take your safari as these birds remain active within their habitats all the time. However, between May and October, during the dry season, the vegetation isn’t as dense, giving wildlife lovers a greater chance of spotting these amazing birds. What’s more, if you head to a water source, there’s a good chance you’ll find one there.
4. Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax)
Tawny eagles are one of smaller species within their genus but still grow to around 30 inches (76 cm) in length. This species is known for its complex diet consisting of both live prey and carrion, making them both opportunistic and scavengers. This behavior means that they are often spotted in urban areas around refuse dumps and slaughterhouses.
The tawny eagle is, compared to other eagle species, lacking a beautiful appearance but that’s not to say it isn’t a fascinating animal. What’s more, being a primary predator, they help to keep prey populations in check. However, they are known to take kills from smaller animals, which can be problematic.
A big problem for the tawny eagle is nest predation since they make very open nests that almost serve as an invite for predators. When they choose their nest site, monogamous pairs can become very territorial.
Where to See Them
The tawny eagle is one of the most widely distributed birds in Africa and can be found pretty much everywhere on the continent.
They’re common in many of the national parks, including Serengeti in Tanzania, Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, Etosha in Namibia, and many more. While looking for these birds, you’ll more than likely find them in grasslands, open woodlands, and on the savanna. They prefer a semi-arid habitat.
When to See Them
Like many birds in Africa, the tawny eagle tends to hunt in the early morning or late afternoon when the temperature is cooler and their prey, like birds, small mammals, and reptiles, are more active; this is a great time of day to spot them.
As with other birds I have discussed, the tawny eagle is likely to be found around a water source during the dry season.
5. Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis)
The steppe eagle has a very typical appearance of a raptor with rich brown plumage and a hooked yellow bill. It has a robust build and can grow to around 35 inches (89 cm), although it’s not uncommon for the females to be larger than the males, making it easy to tell them apart.
Steppe eagles breed between March and April and will often put on territorial aerial displays during this period. However, after breeding, it has been reported that this species has adapted to migrating in search of food. One of their main prey animals is the ground squirrel, which seems to become less abundant in their breeding grounds at certain times of the year.
Where to See Them
The steppe eagle is a popular visitor to many of the African national parks, including, Maasai Mara, Serengeti, Hwange, and the Kafue National Park. However, this is a migratory species that flies over to Europe or Central Asia during breeding season. Breeding season typically begins in March or April and ends in August, so they won’t be found in Africa between these dates.
When to See Them
Steppe eagles typically finish their migration back to Africa around November, during the dry season, when they return to find suitable food. They can often be seen in open woodlands and on the savanna, where they’ll hunt during the early morning and late afternoon.
Birds of Wetlands & Waterways
Most people imagine Africa as a very dry continent. While much of it is arid, that’s not all there is. In fact, Africa is home to many waterways and wetlands where avian life thrives.
1. African Jacana (Actophilornis africanus)
African jacanas are small wading birds that don’t typically get much larger than 12 inches (31 cm) in length although females are usually larger than males. They have a very distinct appearance with a chestnut colored body, white markings up the neck and towards the eyes and a bright blue strip running down the top of the bill.
The African jacana relies on a diet of floating vegetation and insects and largely remains in the same area, only moving around within short distances to look for food.
This species is known for its breeding habits, with females mating with several males. After she lays her eggs, she will leave the male to care for them alone. Because of this, male jacanas are often seen carrying the young under their wings; an adaptation not seen in all male bird species.
Where to See Them
The African jacana is native to sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in countries that include Uganda, Zambia, Tanzania, and South Africa. They’re a common sight in many of the national parks, including South Luangwa National Park in Zambia, the Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda, the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, and the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.
When to See Them
If you’re on the lookout for the African jacana, be sure to start your safari early in the morning, as this is when they’ll be out looking for insects. They also become active again in the late afternoon and can be spotted all year round.
That said, as is the case with many African birds, you’re more likely to see the jacana during the dry season. These birds have specially adapted feet with claws on the ends of their long toes that allow them to walk on floating water lilies, and the lower water level makes this easier for them.
2. African Spoonbill (Platalea alba)
The African spoonbill has a very uniquely shaped bill which it uses for feeding, but I’ll go into this in more detail shortly.
This species has a very distinct appearance with white feathers and brightly colored reddish legs and patches around the eyes. Its long legs, coupled with pointed toes allow it to move easily through its aquatic habitat when searching for food, regardless of the water depth.
When it comes to breeding, the male African spoonbill develops denser and more brightly colored feathers, which it uses to attract a mate. When a pairing is successful, the birds will create a nest in the trees close to the water and wait for the 29 days it takes for the eggs to incubate. Both parents are involved in this process.
While African spoonbills are listed as being of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, they are protected by conservation measures.
Where to See Them
If you’re going in search of the African spoonbill then you’ll need to look around wetlands as well as coastal areas like lagoons and estuaries. However, it’s worth keeping in mind that the number of individuals in any given area may be affected by the season and availability of resources.
Spoonbills are common in several African nations, including Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania, and South Africa. Many of the national parks play host to these birds, so check out the Serengeti National Park, the Etosha National Park, and the Chobe National Park as well as the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
When to See Them
Spoonbills enjoy foraging in shallow waters and they can be seen doing this throughout the day. However, they’re most active first thing in the morning and again in the late afternoon. They’re equipped with a specially adapted bill, shaped like a spoon (that’s where they get their name) that allows them to sift through the sediment and the water while searching for small fish and other aquatic prey. They open their bill slightly and dip it into the water while swinging it from side to side in order to find prey.
3. Marabou Stork (Leptoptilos crumenifer)
The marabou stork is an obscure-looking bird with a bald head and long, pointed bill. These are massive creatures that can grow up to 60 inches (152 cm) in height. Those long bills are used for feeding, mainly on carrion, but marabou storks will also clatter their beaks together as part of a mating ritual.
Marabou storks are often found around water sources but are also frequent visitors to landfill sites where they’ll look for food and don’t seem to be intimidated by humans. They’re sometimes called the undertaker bird owing to their posterior appearance that makes them look as though they’re wearing a black cloak.
These birds often gather in large groups and are not a migratory species. Although they will sometimes wander from their territory in search of better food and water opportunities. Since they feed on carrion, they’re essential to keeping the landscape clean and speeding up decomposition.
Where to See Them
Marabou storks are a species of wading bird, so are usually found where water is present. They’re common all over sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in countries like Zambia, South Africa, Kenya, and Uganda, among others.
If you’re heading to one of the African national parks and want to spot a marabou stork, then some of the best options include Maasai Mara, Kruger, and Chobe.
When to See Them
The marabou stork primarily forages for a meal first thing in the morning and again during the late afternoon. This makes these times of day ideal for spotting them and, if you’re lucky, you may even be able to observe them feeding.
4. Hadada Ibis (Bostrychia hagedash)
The hadada ibis is a bird that gets its name from its distinct four note call. In African legend, it is said that these birds make this loud call because they are scared of flying. This is further backed by their presence in human areas, particularly in private lawns.
Hadada ibis are large birds that grow to around 30 inches (76 cm) and are gray to brown in color. On the wing feathers, there are optical microstructures that give the plumage a purplish shimmer. These birds can also be identified by the white mustache-like markings on the face.
Breeding for the hadada ibis occurs during the wet season, owing to the abundance of resources. This species typically feeds on insects, worms, snails, and even some species of prawns and lizards. Perhaps owing to their breeding behavior in the wet season, the Xhosa people of Lesotho see the hadada ibis as a sign that the rains are coming.
Where to See Them
The hadada ibis is found throughout sub-Saharan Africa in many different countries. If you’re going on safari and want to catch a glimpse of this bird, then I would recommend the following locations:
- Kruger National Park in South Africa
- Amboseli National Park in Kenya
- Chobe National Park in Botswana
- Serengeti National Park in Tanzania
When to See Them
The hadada ibis is mostly active during the day when it will spend its time foraging for food around grasslands and marshes. However, interestingly, this bird is also a common sight in urban areas.
As I have discussed, these birds are named after the calls that they make, which are most commonly heard in the morning and late afternoon. Although during the evening, they will return to the trees where they roost.
5. Goliath Heron (Ardea goliath)
It’ll likely not come as much of a surprise to learn that the goliath heron is a pretty big bird; in fact, it’s the largest heron species on earth and can grow up to 4.9 feet (1.5 meters) in height! Plus, it has a wingspan of up to 7.5 feet (2.3 meters)!
These birds are mainly solitary, although they will form monogamous breeding pairs. In any case, goliath herons are very territorial of their aquatic habitat, from which they never stray too far. In fact, they’re quite often seen standing in the shallows, waiting for fish, amphibians, and other prey to swim by, before spearing it with a long, pointed bill. Since these birds have no natural predators, their presence in the ecosystem is important as they help to control fish populations.
Goliath herons have a bushy crest on the head and are largely gray with chestnut and white markings around the neck and head. While there’s no real difference in terms of coloration between males and females, they can be differentiated by their size, with females being slightly smaller.
Where to See Them
The goliath heron prefers an aquatic habitat and can often be seen around mangroves, wetlands, and marshes. While it is found in many African nations, it’s most common in places like Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, and Botswana.
When to See Them
If you’re on safari and keen to spot the goliath heron then I would suggest heading out either first thing in the morning or in the late afternoon. It’s during these times that the goliath heron will be foraging for food around the wetlands.
Colorful & Striking Birds
If you’re looking to discover some of the most beautiful birds on the planet then look no further than Africa. Here you’ll find ornate, eye-catching birds, so let’s get to know a few of them better.
1. Lilac-Breasted Roller (Coracias caudatus)
One of the most impressive things about the lilac-breasted roller is its stunning plumage that features a variety of different hues. With greens, browns, and blues, the species is unmistakable but it’s the beautiful lilac patch on the chest that earned the bird its name.
This is a small yet robust species that grows to around 15 inches (38 cm), including the tail, and they can often be seen sitting in the trees. They’re usually alone, but it is worth noting that, once a breeding pair forms, they will remain monogamous.
Lilac-breasted rollers feed mainly on insects and small invertebrates and can often be heard flying overhead making a shrill ‘rak-rak’ call.
Where to See Them
The lilac-breasted roller can be found in a range of habitats, from open woodlands to grasslands and is common in several countries like Botswana, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Namibia.
Some of the best national parks to spot the lilac-breasted roller include the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, Chobe National Park in Botswana, and Kruger National Park in South Africa.
When to See Them
As I have described, the lilac-breasted roller has beautifully colored plumage which is best spotted during the breeding season. This takes place between April and September, and the males can be seen putting on some impressive aerial displays that show off their stunning coloration.
Active year round, although they may migrate to other areas in search of food, there’s always a good chance of spotting the lilac-breasted roller. However, they’re most active in the morning and late afternoon when they’re looking for food.
2. Superb Starling (Lamprotornis superbus)
The superb starling couldn’t be any more aptly named with its beautifully colored plumage in blues and chestnut browns that shimmer in the light and its iconic black face. These small birds only grow to around 7.5 inches (19 cm) but have a very robust and strong body.
They are often seen on the ground, where they will look for fruit, grains, and worms and are typically found close to acacia trees. The great thing about the superb starling is that it is a very friendly species that’s not afraid to interact with humans.
If you’re heading out on safari in the middle of the day, you may hear the loud screeching calls of the superb starling coming from the acacia trees.
Where to See Them
The superb starling is most common in the eastern parts of Africa in countries like Rwanda, Kenya, and Uganda. You can spot them on the savanna as well as in open woodlands, and they’re common in national parks such as:
- Serengeti National Park in Tanzania
- Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda
- Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya
When to See Them
A diurnal species, the superb starling is easiest to spot during the day when it is out looking for food. This typically occurs first thing in the morning and again during the late afternoon.
3. Malachite Kingfisher (Corythornis cristatus)
Malachite kingfishers are a small species of riparian bird that only grow to around 4.7 to 5.5 inches (12 to 14 cm). However, they’re still incredibly impressive with their unique coloration; chestnut on the underside with a brilliant flash of green/blue plumage on the back. They have long red bills, although juveniles have a black bill that changes color as adulthood approaches.
The malachite kingfisher can often be seen perched on a low hanging branch over the water as it keeps a keen eye out for passing prey. When it spots something suitable, the bird will drop into the water, grab its catch, and then emerge to feed.
During breeding seasons, pairs of malachite kingfishers will work together to excavate a nest by burrowing a tunnel into the sand. They’ll line the base of the burrow with fish bones before the female lays a clutch of three to six eggs.
Where to See Them
The malachite kingfisher is a freshwater aquatic bird that can often be found around streams, rivers, and lakes across sub-Saharan Africa. They’re common in Botswana’s Chobe National Park as well as the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya and around the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
When to See Them
Malachite kingfishers hunt for fish in the early morning and late afternoon, but they do remain active throughout the whole day, so there’s always a chance of spotting one.
Breeding season begins in May, and it’s at this time that these primarily solitary birds will be seen together. The females make their nests in termite mounds or along the riverbank, and the male joins her in taking care of the eggs.
4. Collared Sunbird (Hedydipna collaris)
The collared sunbird is a passerine species often recognized for its speedy flight. These small birds feed mainly on nectar but they are occasionally known to eat insects.
Growing to only 3.5-3.9 inches (9-10 cm), this is a very small species of bird that’s often mistaken for the hummingbird at first glance as it hovers over flowers to collect nectar. They also have a similar metallic green/blue coloration on their backs to some hummingbird species and a tube-like tongue for feeding on nectar, although they are in no way related.
Collared sunbirds can usually be found nesting in the trees and around areas where there is a water source.
Where to See Them
The collared sunbird can be found in Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and other countries across south and east Africa. They’re often easy to spot in some of the most well known national parks, including Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania as well as the Serengeti National Park and South Africa’s Kruger National Park.
When to See Them
Collared sunbirds are mostly active in the early morning and late afternoon. It’s at this time that they head out in search of nectar, although they do remain relatively active throughout the day, giving you a reasonable chance of spotting one outside of these times.
5. Red-Throated Bee-Eater (Merops bulocki)
The red-throated bee-eater is a small, brightly colored bird that grows to around 8.7 inches (22 cm). It prefers a tropical habitat and can be found on the savanna, but it is also a common sight in gardens and farmlands.
These birds nest near river banks, so will usually be found near a water source and are known for their distinct coloration of bright greens, oranges, and blues. While most individuals have an orange throat, it’s thought that around 1% have a yellow patch here.
As you can probably guess from their name, these birds feed primarily on a diet of bees; honey bees and stingless bees are their favorites. They nest in colonies and excavate burrows along the river, which can contain space for up to 50 breeding pairs.
Where to See Them
The red-throated bee-eater is mainly found in the eastern parts of Africa and can be spotted in the Maasai Mara National Park in Kenya, the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, and the Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda.
When to See Them
Like many African bird species, the red-throated bee-eater is a diurnal species that can often be spotted looking for food first thing in the morning. They are also very active during the late afternoon, which provides another great opportunity to spot one.
Birds of the Savanna
The savanna is one of the most well-known habitats in Africa, and many people associate it with animals like giraffes, rhinos, and elephants. However, this habitat is also home to some wonderful avian species.
1. Southern Yellow-Billed Hornbill (Tockus leucomelas)
The southern yellow-billed hornbill is certainly an impressive, if not unusual looking bird. It boasts a large, curved yellow bill which, in males, can grow up to 3.5 inches (90 mm). This equates to around ⅙ of the bird’s body length! These birds also have long eyelashes and a long tail, red patches around the eyes, and beautiful black and white markings to the wings.
Southern yellow-billed hornbills are one of the smaller hornbill species but beautiful nonetheless. They can be heard making a wide variety of sounds, but the most common is a loud piercing sound, often used to defend their territory.
These birds are able to fly, in fact, they’re pretty powerful gliders, but they’re most commonly found on the ground, looking for food.
Where to See Them
The southern yellow-billed hornbill is not only found on the savanna, but also inhabits some woodlands. It’s most commonly found in countries like Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe where safari goers to the following national parks have a chance of spotting it:
- Chobe National Park in Botswana
- Etosha National Park in Namibia
- Kruger National Park in South Africa
When to See Them
The southern yellow-billed hornbill is active throughout the day. However, for the best chance of spotting it, head out in the early morning or late afternoon when this species will be looking for food such as insects, spiders, and seeds.
2. African Grey Hornbill (Lophoceros nasutus)
Another species of hornbill common to the savanna is the African gray hornbill. Again, it is one of the smaller hornbill species but still gets to a length of up to 20 inches (51 cm). Mainly gray in color, these birds have black and white markings to the wings and crown.
African gray hornbills have a prominent casque on the bill, which comes in handy when breeding since the females nest in a hollow within a tree, which she seals using a mixture of mud and fruit. A small opening is left so that the male can deliver food, and once the chicks have outgrown the nest, the female will peck her way out.
Where to See Them
Found across sub-Saharan Africa, the African gray hornbill is a common sight in the Kruger National Park in South Africa. It can also be spotted in some of the other most well-known national parks, like Chobe in Botswana, Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe, the South Luangwa National Park in Zambia, and the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.
When to See Them
The African gray hornbill feeds on an omnivorous diet of small reptiles, insects, and fruit and will be found looking for these foods in the early morning or late afternoon. So, if you’re hoping to spot one, these are the best times to head out on safari.
The species is considered to be of least concern by the IUCN Red List, so numbers are healthy in the wild, making spotting them much more likely.
3. Common Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
The common ostrich is perhaps one of the most well-known birds on the savanna, if only because it is the tallest bird in the world, measuring up to 6.6 feet (2 meters) in height. These are flightless birds that are also famed for their powerful kick of up to 2,000 lbs psi, which they use as a form of self-defense.
Ostriches live in large flocks that can number up to 50 individuals, and they’re often found among grazing herbivores such as zebras. They’re also herbivores and largely feed on vegetation but will sometimes pick at the remains of a predatory kill. Through their droppings, ostriches are important seed dispersers.
Common ostriches may not be able to fly, but they can certainly run; in fact, they’ll move at speeds of up to 43.5 mph (70 km/h) to escape threats. And this seems to be a viable method since individuals are known to live for between 30 and 40 years in the wild.
The courtship displays of the ostrich are truly an impressive sight, with males performing an elaborate dance accompanied by various noises such as hissing.
Where to See Them
Ostriches are found at many of the national parks across Africa, including Kruger National Park in South Africa, Etosha National Park in Namibia, Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, and Kenya’s Tsavo National Park. However, they’re also found in countries such as Ethiopia and Botswana.
When to See Them
The common ostrich is a diurnal species, so it’s best to look for it during a daytime safari. As I have mentioned, they’re often scattered among other herbivores like antelope and zebra, so you’ll likely be able to spot various wildlife together.
Like many African animals, ostriches are most active early in the morning and in the late afternoon when temperatures are cooler.
4. Kori Bustard (Ardeotis kori)
Out of all the flying birds in Africa, the kori bustard is the largest and can grow up to 53 inches (135 cm), although the females are often markedly smaller than the males. They are mostly gray to brown in color but have black and white markings as well as a pure black crest.
Kori bustards are essential to the African economy as they attract a lot of tourists coming to see their impressive courtship displays. These birds form leks where the males gather in large numbers and perform a dance to impress nearby females. Males may puff out their necks, take large strides, and make calls.
Interestingly, outside of their courtship displays, these birds are generally very quiet. The only time they will make a noise is when they feel threatened, which is communicated with a growling sound that can go on for as long as 10 minutes.
Where to See Them
The kori bustard is a widely distributed bird that can be found across several areas in south, east, and west Africa. Safari goers to the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, and the Kruger National Park in South Africa have a good chance of spotting one.
When to See Them
The kori bustard can often be seen during the early morning and late afternoon. It is most active during these times as they provide the best foraging opportunities for these birds that have a very varied diet.
They can primarily be seen looking for insects, but they’re not fussy and may also hunt for small mammals, seeds, fruits, and even small reptiles.
5. Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris)
The helmeted guineafowl is not only found in the wild in Africa but has also been domesticated in the West Indies. This species is the only one in its genus, Numida and was discovered in the 1700s by the famous zoologist, Carl Linnaus.
Helmeted guinea fowls are ground dwelling birds that are similar in shape to a chicken. It’s their bony casque that gives them their name, but they’re also identifiable by their heavily spotted plumage, with each feather having up to a dozen individual specks.
In Africa, this species has been hunted for many thousands of years, but they’re also favored by farmers for their love of ticks, so are used as pest controllers on agricultural land.
Where to See Them
The helmeted guineafowl is found throughout sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in most open habitats like open woodlands, grasslands, and savannas. They are known to have populations in the Serengeti, Kruger, and Chobe National Parks as well as the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.
When to See Them
If you’re trying to spot the helmeted guineafowl, then it’s best to look first thing in the morning or in the late afternoon. That being said, they are active throughout the day and can often be spotted in groups, called a confusion, foraging for food on the ground.
Endearing & Unusual Birds
Africa is home to a wondrous range of weird and unusual creatures, and that includes several species of birds.
1. African Pygmy Kingfisher (Ispidina picta)
As its name suggests, the African pygmy kingfisher is a small species of kingfisher that grows to around 4.7 inches (12 cm) in length. This small size, coupled with the pretty coloration of the pygmy kingfisher, makes it a real delight for wildlife lovers to spot.
However, while its name would suggest that the species relies on a diet of fish, this isn’t necessarily the case, and these birds will also feed on amphibians, reptiles, and insects. When hunting for food, the pygmy kingfisher is often seen sitting still for long periods, waiting for prey to come closer enough before it quickly darts in to snatch it.
In some southern parts of Africa, the populations of pygmy kingfishers will migrate from their breeding grounds between April and October. However, they don’t travel far, only heading to the more northerly parts of the continent.
Where to See Them
It may be more challenging to spot the pygmy kingfisher as these birds are not specific to any particular national park, although there have been reported sightings both in Kruger and Serengeti national parks. These birds are distributed across countries like South Africa, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania and are usually found in dense woodlands and forests which is unusual among kingfisher species.
When to See Them
When looking for the African pygmy kingfisher, your best bet is to head out during the day. The good news is that this species is active for most of the daylight hours when it will be looking for food. Owing to its bright plumage, it’s often easy to see among the vegetation.
2. African Crowned Crane (Balearica regulorum)
The African crowned crane, sometimes called the gray crowned crane, is one of the most impressive looking birds on the continent. It has an elegant appearance, featuring a golden crown of head feathers which is why it’s also sometimes referred to as the golden crowned crane.
The feathers are a blend between white, gray, and black, and the bird has an inflatable red throat pouch which inflates when the bird makes its honking call.
This is a large species that measures up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) in height. Because of their diet of plants and seeds, the African crowned crane is an important seed disperser within its ecosystem. However, its diet isn’t limited to this, and the bird will also eat insects, snakes, and amphibians.
Where to See Them
The African crowned crane is found in a number of different habitats, including grasslands and savannas, wetlands, and around marshes. This gives wildlife lovers a greater chance of spotting them throughout their sub-Saharan range. For the best chance of seeing one, the following national parks are known to be home to healthy populations:
- Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya
- Serengeti National Park in Tanzania
However, these birds are also common in countries like Zambia, South Africa, and Uganda.
When to See Them
African crowned cranes do not migrate, so can be seen in the aforementioned habitats throughout the year. They’re a diurnal species so your best chance of spotting one is during the day when they can be seen looking for food, such as insects, amphibians, and small reptiles.
3. African Hoopoe (Upupa africana)
The African hoopoe is so named because of its call, which sounds like it’s saying hoop hoop, making it one of the most easily identifiable avian calls on the African continent. Not only is it distinct by its call, but also its appearance with a beautiful blend of colors and markings in black, white, and chestnut.
However, perhaps the most striking feature of the hoopoe is its crest, which the bird raises when startled. These birds also have a very long, slender bill used for eating berries, insects, and snails as well as feeding these to the young.
Hoopoes are also adored for their intricate flight patterns and can often be seen performing acrobatic displays in the sky, flapping their wings four to five times and then gliding.
Where to See Them
The African hoopoe mainly inhabits savannas and open grasslands but can also be found in some wooded areas. Interestingly, this species is a common sight in domestic gardens in countries like South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, and Botswana.
To see them in their natural habitat, head to places like the Kruger National Park in South Africa or the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.
When to See Them
African hoopoes do not migrate, so you’ll be able to see them no matter what time of year you visit. Although, there are reports of some individuals making a northern migration after breeding season. However, reports are few and far between, and it’s thought that only around 100 individuals can be seen as far north as the UK.
4. Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex)
The shoebill is definitely one of the most unique birds on the African continent, with its prehistoric appearance and large size. The bird takes its name from the shape of its bill which is one of the largest in the animal kingdom.
While the shoebill might have a menacing appearance, these are actually very docile birds. It’s been reported that humans can get within 6 feet (1.8 meters) of their nests, and the shoebill will show no aggressive tendencies. Although they are known to sit and stare at you, which can be pretty intimidating considering these birds can grow up to 55 inches (140 cm) in height.
The shoebill is just as laid back when it comes to feeding. Being a wading bird, it primarily feeds on a diet of fish but will sit patiently waiting for hours until a suitable target appears. The bird will then strike its prey with its perfectly adapted bill and be rewarded for its efforts.
Where to See Them
The shoebill is an aquatic bird that usually inhabits swamps, marshes, and wetlands. However, they have an elusive nature and can sometimes be difficult to spot, especially when nesting.
They are found in several African countries, including Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Zambia. If you’re at the Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda or the Bangweulu Wetlands in Zambia, then there’s a chance of you spotting a shoebill.
When to See Them
To spot a shoebill, you’ll need to head out into the wild during the day since this is a diurnal species. This is great news for those on safari but, as I mentioned, they can be quite elusive and may hide out in dense vegetation. In fact, professionals and researchers often have to place cameras in order to catch a sighting of these birds.
5. Greater Honeyguide (Indicator indicator)
The greater honeyguide is truly one of the most intelligent and impressive bird species in Africa. It gets its name from the fact that it locates honey and guides humans to it, but I’ll go into more detail on that later on.
These are small birds that grow to around 7.9 inches (20 cm) in length and have a beautiful plumage coloration consisting of olives, browns, and yellows with a brilliant white breast.
While the greater honeyguide might be a pretty-looking little bird, it does have a darker side; it’s a brood parasite. This means that these birds will trick other species into caring for their eggs and young. It’s a common survival tactic among avian species. When greater honeyguides intercept a nest and lay their eggs, they time it just right so that the host thinks they are her own. What’s more, the chicks are born with a hooked bill, which they use to kill off any of their ‘siblings’ to further ensure their survival.
Where to See Them
The greater honeyguide is native to sub-Saharan Africa and has a wide distribution in this part of the world. It can be found in countries South Africa in the Kruger National Park as well as Tanzania in the Serengeti National Park. Greater honeyguides are common in other countries like Kenya and Botswana, where they prefer several habitat types, including woodland and open forests as well as the savanna.
When to See Them
Greater honeyguides are found in Africa throughout the year since they are a non-migratory species, so you’ll always have a chance of spotting one. However, they’re mostly active during the day when they’ll be out foraging for, you guessed it; honey.
How Honeyguides Work With Humans
Amazingly, these intelligent birds don’t always rely on their own foraging abilities to access honey within a beehive. In fact, they’re known for their ability to guide humans to beehives where both species get to reap the rewards. This mutualistic relationship is so successful, and it’s been reported to have been going on for at least 1500 years! They use a unique vocalization to call humans and tell them they’ve found some honey, as such, many indigenous tribes in Africa have come to love and respect these fascinating birds.
This role as a honey-hunter has placed the greater honeyguide as one of the most important players in their ecosystems. Through their collection of honey, they contribute to pollination and are also important seed dispersers, ensuring that native plant species are able to thrive.
Birds of the Forest & Woodlands
Many African birds enjoy the protection and shelter of the various woodlands and forests on this diverse continent. So, if you’re venturing into the trees, you may be lucky enough to spot some of the following species.
1. Black-Headed Oriole (Oriolus larvatus)
The black-headed oriole, as its name suggests, has a black head atop a brightly-colored yellow body. They also have black markings on the wings and can grow to around 9.8 inches (25 cm) in length.
These birds are known for their beautiful warbling call, which can be heard as they flit between the trees. But what I find super interesting about this species is its lightening metabolism that allows it to digest food in as little as five minutes!
Black headed orioles live in many different types of forests but will favor acacia forests over all others. Since they spend a lot of time in the canopy, you’re more likely to hear them than you are to see them.
Where to See Them
The black-headed oriole has a relatively wide distribution across sub-Saharan Africa, including in countries like Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
Many of the popular national parks for safaris have healthy populations, including the Kruger and Serengeti National Parks.
You’ll find it easier to spot these birds than some other species owing to their diverse habitat. They’re found in woodlands and forests as well as in more open areas like the savanna.
When to See Them
The black-headed oriole is diurnal, meaning it is mostly active during the day time. It can be seen among the trees looking for fruits, berries, and insects.
2. African Green Broadbill (Pseudocalyptomena graueri)
The African green broadbill, sometimes called the Grauer’s broadbill after the man that discovered it, is a small species that is limited to a small region in the tropical forests of east Africa.
These birds are considered to be rare because of their limited distribution but can be spotted if you look in the right locations, which I’ll discuss in more detail later on. Unfortunately, however, they are threatened by forest clearing and mining, leading them to be classed as vulnerable.
African green broadbills survive on an omnivorous diet of insects, fruits, and larvae and can often be seen flying high above the canopy, emitting a high-pitched call. They are sometimes solitary birds but are also known to live in small flocks of up to 10 individuals.
Where to See Them
The African green broadbill is native to eastern parts of Africa where it can be found in the montane forests of Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. If you’re keen to spot one of these birds on your safari then one of the best locations is the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Not only will you see the African green broadbill but many other species, as this area is renowned for its biodiversity, including 202 species of butterflies.
When to See Them
Being a diurnal species, your best chance of spotting the African green broadbill is on a daytime safari. They are active throughout the day but are mostly seen in the early morning and again in the late afternoon.
The dry season between June and August provides an excellent opportunity to spot African green broadbills. The forest becomes less dense at this time, making sightings much more likely.
3. Cape Glossy Starling (Lamprotornis nitens)
The cape glossy starling is named because of its glossy, blue to green plumage that has a pretty shimmer. These are relatively small birds that grow to around 9.8 inches (25 cm) in length and are often seen around human settlements due to their gregarious nature.
These birds are also forthcoming when it comes to breeding. They nest in cavities in the trees and aren’t afraid to fight for the right to move into a nesting spot with other birds. However, there is a downside; these birds play host to the parasitic greater honeyguide that I discussed earlier in this article.
Where to See Them
You’ll find the cape glossy starling in Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Mozambique as well as other countries in the southern part of Africa. It inhabits both savannas and woodlands but is also a common sight in domestic gardens.
If you’re heading to the Kruger National Park in South Africa, then there’s good news. This is one of the best places to spot the cape glossy starling as well as a whole host of other bird life.
When to See Them
A diurnal species, the cape glossy starling is mostly spotted during the day. It loves to roost in trees, so keep an eye out among the foliage for that distinct iridescent plumage.
However, these birds will often forage on the ground for fruit and insects and, outside of the breeding season which occurs between September and March, they can be seen in relatively large flocks.
4. African Wood Owl (Strix woodfordii)
The African wood owl, sometimes called the woodford’s owl, is a medium sized species of owl that grows to around 13.8 inches (35 cm). With a brown, mottled coloration, these owls are masters of camouflage. They can also be characterized by their dark eyes, outlined by white eyebrows.
African wood owls can often be heard singing in pairs and are often found in forested areas where they feed on insects and small mammals under the cover of darkness. The species has incredibly powerful vision thanks to rod shaped cones in the retina that allow it to spot prey in low light.
These owls breed between July and October, with females laying between one and three eggs. They do this inside the hollow of a tree, where they’ll incubate the eggs for up to 31 days.
Where to See Them
The African wood owl can be found in various habitat types, including forests, woodlands, and open areas like the savanna. There are healthy populations in some of the top safari spots in Africa, including the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and the Kruger National Park in South Africa.
When to See Them
Unlike a lot of species I have discussed on this list, the African wood owl is not active during the day. This is a nocturnal bird, so your best chance of spotting one is on a nighttime safari.
When the sun comes up, the African wood owl returns to its roost among the trees and, owing to its coloration, it’s well camouflaged and nigh on impossible to see.
5. Grey Go-Away-Bird (Corythaixoides concolor)
The gray go-away bird is certainly one of the most interesting African avian species, if not only because of its call. These birds are named after their loud vocalizations, which make a ‘gwaay’ sound. The calls have a nasal tone, and are often used when the bird is disturbed.
However, these aren’t timid birds and are often seen in gardens. What’s more, they’re very sociable and will form flocks of around 20 to 30 individuals. Within these flocks, the gray go-away birds will look for food such as fruits and termites.
Gray go-away birds, as their name suggests, have mainly gray plumage with a distinct crest on the head. They grow to around 20 inches (51 cm), and there’s not much difference between males and females in terms of appearance.
Nests are made from thorny twigs, and both parents will remain present to care for the three eggs that are laid during breeding season.
Where to See Them
The gray go-away bird is found in the southern and eastern parts of Africa in various habitats including savannas and woodlands.
While it can be seen in countries like Zimbabwe, Namibia and Botswana, there is a good population in the Kruger National Park in South Africa.
When to See Them
Gray go-away birds are diurnal creatures, so your best opportunity to spot them is during the day. You’re more likely to hear them before you see them as their loud calls that I discussed earlier, can be heard even through the vegetation.
These birds spend a lot of time on the ground, where they will dust bathe, which provides a great opportunity to watch them.
Birds of Flight
Over the African plains, forests, and wetlands, there are many species of birds that can be seen soaring in search of food. So, when you’re on safari, don’t forget to look skywards!
1. Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus)
The hooded vulture is a species of raptor belonging to the order Accipitriformes, which also contains species like buzzards and eagles. These are large birds that can grow up to 28 inches (72 cm) with a massive wingspan of up to 71 inches (180 cm).
Hooded vultures are not an overly vocal species and will typically only make sounds when mating and at the discovery of a food source. They feed primarily on carcasses but are sadly listed as being critically endangered on the IUCN Red List owing to habitat loss and hunting. Fortunately, there are several protective measures in place, including monitoring and providing this species with protected habitats.
These birds can be seen flying over the savanna in search of food but are also common in human inhabited areas where they are known as ‘waste collectors.’
Where to See Them
The hooded vulture can be found in a number of different habitats, including open woodlands, savannas and grasslands, so it’s one of the easier species to spot. They’re common in many parts of Africa, including countries like South Africa, Ethiopia, the Gambia, and Senegal. If you’re on safari in the Kruger, Serengeti or Maasai Mara parks then you have a good chance of spotting one.
When to See Them
Look skyward during the day, and you’ll have plenty of opportunities to see the hooded vulture. However, since these birds, like most vultures, feed on carcasses, they’re a common sight on the ground as well.
This behavior is essential to the maintenance of the ecosystems the hooded vulture inhabits as it ensures things are kept clean.
You may also spot the hooded vulture during its breeding season which typically falls between November and April in the dry season. Although this can vary depending on the region.
2. White-Backed Vulture (Gyps africanus)
White-backed vultures are in the same order as the hooded vulture and this is a large species that can grow up to 39 inches (99 cm) in height. As its name suggests, the plumage on the back of the bird is white, mixed with flecks of brown and other colors, and it has black tipped wings and a black face.
The white-backed vulture plays an essential role in maintaining the ecosystem by feeding on carcasses, often those killed by other animals.
This is a non-migratory species that breeds between November and April, with females laying a single egg. They prefer to nest in trees in riparian environments and create large nests that can be up to 39 inches (99 cm) in diameter.
Sadly, the white-backed vulture is facing threats from habitat degradation and poaching and is now listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List.
Where to See Them
Like the hooded vulture, the white-backed vulture frequents a range of habitats like open woodlands and savannas. You’re most likely to see it soaring across the landscape in search of food in many parts of Africa, including Somalia, Ethiopia, Gambia, and Senegal.
However, the species is also a common visitor to many of the sub-Saharan national parks, including Maasai Mara, Serengeti, and the Kruger National Park in South Africa.
When to See Them
The great thing about spotting the white-backed vulture is that this species often moves in groups, so you’ll get to see many of them at once as they gather around the carcasses they have scavenged. This typically happens during the day when the birds are most active.
3. African Palm Swift (Cypsiurus parvus)
The African palm swift was once considered to be the same species as the Asian palm swift, but they have since been separated. This is a small species that typically only grows to around 6.3 inches (16 cm) and can be characterized by its forked tail, as is similar to other species of swift.
African palm swifts also have a very distinct and shrill call which is often heard during flight. These birds spend most of their time in the air and, like other swift species, will typically catch their insect prey on the wing.
Their flight is also very rapid although when catching prey, they’ll often do so close to the ground.
Where to See Them
The African palm swift is widely distributed across the continent and can be found in countries like Senegal, Gambia, Somalia, and Ethiopia. It’s also seen in many of the great national parks, including Chobe, Serengeti, and the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
These birds are found in various habitat types, including open woodlands and grasslands, but as their name suggests, they’re most commonly found where there are palm trees.
When to See Them
The African palm swift is a diurnal species that can often be seen flying quickly around the skies in search of food during the day. They’re incredibly agile, so watching them in flight is a very rewarding experience.
4. Ruppell’s Vulture (Gyps rueppellii)
Ruppell’s vulture is a fascinating species because of its ability to soar at incredible altitudes. There was even a report of one individual flying so high that it sadly got caught in the engine of a jet at a whopping 37,000 feet (11,278 meters).
This ability to fly so high is thanks to a special protein that allows the bird to absorb oxygen at great altitudes. They can often be seen soaring while riding on thermal currents, which allows them to conserve energy as they look for food.
These birds are mainly found in the eastern parts of Africa, and unfortunately, their numbers are declining meaning they are now listed as critically endangered. It’s thought that there are as few as 22,000 left in the wild.
Sometimes called Ruppell’s griffon, these birds have a majestic appearance with a flecked white pattern on dark plumage. They can grow to around 41 inches (104 cm) in height and have a wingspan of up to 7.5 feet (2.3 meters)!
Where to See Them
Ruppell’s vultures are common in open areas such as savannas and grasslands and there are healthy populations in some of the best-known national parks such as:
- Kruger National Park in South Africa
- Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya
However, they are also common in countries like Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia, where they’re often seen at higher altitudes of up to 37,073 feet (11,300 meters)!
When to See Them
The Ruppell’s vulture will usually be seen first thing in the morning or in the late afternoon, soaring across the sky in search of food. If you’re lucky, you may even spot them on the ground, feeding on carcasses. This behavior, like other vultures, makes them super important to the ecosystem, keeping things clean and preventing the spread of disease.
5. African Pied Wagtail (Motacilla aguimp)
The African pied wagtail is a small, agile bird that is well-known for its darting flight. It flits about the sky in search of insects to feed on.
While they are small (around 7.9 inches (20 cm)), these birds have a striking black and white appearance, although this doesn’t typically develop until adulthood. As youngsters, these birds tend to be grayer in color.
During the breeding season, which occurs between March and October, the male and female will cooperate in building the nest. The female then lays around 3-4 eggs which she takes care of alone.
Where to See Them
The African pied wagtail has a healthy distribution all over sub-Saharan Africa and is a common sight in places like the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, the Chobe National Park in Namibia, and the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
This species frequents a variety of habitats like grasslands, riverbanks, wetlands, and many more, making them one of the easier species to spot. What’s more, pied wagtails are not uncommon in urban areas.
When to See Them
The best chance to spot the African pied wagtail comes during the day when they are most active. You’ll usually see more of them early in the morning or during the late afternoon. They have, as their name suggests, a gait that sees their tails wagging as well as a bobbing movement, so you can’t miss them.
Birds with Unique Behaviors
One of the most fascinating things about birds is that every species has its own unique behaviors. However, some of these behaviors are far from ordinary, and Africa is home to some truly incredible examples of this.
1. White-Fronted Bee-Eater (Merops bullockoides)
The white-fronted bee-eater is an incredibly distinct looking bird with brightly colored plumage and a white forehead with black markings around the eyes. They boast a long, pointed bill, which they use to catch their prey. As their name suggests, their diet is mainly made up from bees from the honey bee family, but they’ll also eat other insects, including beetles. They also use their beaks to dig tunnels in the sand, which are used for nesting; so effective is the beak that tunnels can measure several feet in length.
Unlike a lot of bird species, white-fronted bee-eaters are extremely communal, especially when it comes to breeding and raising the young. Monogamous pairs are formed and males will perform elaborate courtship rituals. Then nest building and rearing the young is a cooperative activity undertaken by family groups. Within the colony, which can contain up to 200 birds, individuals will form bonds with other members through grooming and other social activities.
Where to See Them
The white-fronted bee-eater is found in various habitats, such as woodlands and grasslands. A single colony may occupy several square miles of territory in countries like Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania.
Some of the best national parks to spot this species include:
- Serengeti National Park in Tanzania
- Kruger National Park in South Africa
- Chobe National Park in Botswana
When to See Them
White-fronted bee-eaters are mostly active during the day, and the best time to spot them is during the cooler parts of the day, such as the late afternoon and early morning.
However, it’s worth keeping in mind that this is a migratory species, which may move around depending on what resources are available. As the seasons change, they may undertake short migrations in search of food, moving to areas where more insects are available.
2. Speckled Mousebird (Colius striatus)
Speckled mousebirds can grow up to 13.8 inches (35 cm), making them the largest species of mousebird. This name comes from their feathers that have a hair-like appearance, but also their hopping, mouse-like movements through the vegetation.
This species is typically found in the trees, being primarily arboreal where their long tails help with balance. Up here, they form social groups that number around 20 and individuals will bond through grooming.
Within the tightly knit group, communication is essential and the speckled mousebird has a range of loud, chattering calls. Interestingly, when the weather gets cold, these groups will enter a state of torpor and use their large numbers to stay safe from predators whilst in this inactive state.
Groups will also forage together for seeds, fruits, and flowers as well as nectar produced by those flowers.
Where to See Them
The speckled mousebird is found in various habitats across sub-Saharan Africa particularly in the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, the Kruger National Park in South Africa, and the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya. They inhabit woodlands, scrublands, and savannas but are also a common sight in gardens.
When to See Them
Speckled mousebirds typically breed during the wet season between November and April, making this a great time to spot them. They are known to migrate with the seasons in search of food, so spotting them can be unpredictable.
However, they’re most active during the day, especially in the early morning or late afternoon when the temperatures are cooler.
3. Brown Snake Eagle (Circaetus cinereus)
It’ll come as no surprise when I tell you that the brown snake eagle gets its name from the fact that it feeds primarily on snakes. It is equipped with sharp talons and a strong beak that allows it to easily capture its prey. This is also a very territorial and solitary bird that has a loud call to warn others to stay away.
The brown snake eagle is a patient bird in terms of both feeding and breeding. When hunting, it will sit patiently on a high vantage point, waiting for prey to move by on the ground. When it does, this large, brown bird will swoop down and make its kill. It’s known to eat puff adders and cobras despite these species being venomous.
When it comes to breeding, the brown snake eagle is just as patient, with eggs taking around 50 days to hatch. The mother will then raise a single chick for up to 113 days.
Where to See Them
The brown snake eagle has a wide distribution throughout sub-Saharan Africa and is found in countries like Senegal, Ethiopia, and South Africa. If you’re taking a safari in one of the following national parks, there’s a good chance of spotting one:
- Chobe National Park in Botswana
- Kruger National Park in South Africa
- Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya
- Serengeti National Park in Tanzania
When to See Them
When looking for the brown snake eagle, you’ll find them in various habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and savannas. They typically become more active during the dry season, which is also breeding season, as food sources are more readily available, and they can be seen hunting early in the morning or in the late afternoon.
What’s more, during the dry season, between June and October, the vegetation becomes sparser, allowing for easier sightings.
4. Red-Billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus)
You might think that the name red-billed oxpecker sounds a little strange, but it’s perfectly fitting when you consider the behavior of this species. These small, passerine birds with gray to olive plumage, yellow rings around the eyes, and a bright red beak, have a mutualistic relationship with various herbivorous mammals.
Most commonly, they are seen riding on the backs of rhinos, giraffes, and of course, buffalo, which is where their name comes from. They do this in order to feed off the ticks and parasites that would otherwise plague these mammals, making the situation beneficial for both parties.
Where to See Them
The red-billed oxpecker is found in grasslands and savannas as well as some open woodlands across sub-Saharan Africa. For safari goers, the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is a great place to spot them as well as the Chobe National Park in Botswana and the Kruger National Park in South Africa.
When to See Them
Red-billed oxpeckers are diurnal, so your best chance of spotting them is during the day. If their host animals are out grazing, then there’s a good chance that red-billed oxpeckers will also be nearby.
They’re around all year, being resident birds, but are more likely to be seen in the dry season since there is greater food availability.
5. Sociable Weaver (Philetairus socius)
The sociable weaver didn’t get its name by chance; this is an incredibly highly social species that lives in a larger communal nest in groups that easily get into the hundreds. What’s more, each nest can contain several generations of birds, with the responsibility of caring for and maintaining the nest being passed down.
Nests are constructed from plant materials, grass, and sticks and consist of a central chamber where the colony can gather to keep warm in cold weather and remain protected from predators like pygmy falcons. Inside the nest, there are many additional chambers used by one of the 100 breeding pairs. Each member of the colony helps to build the nest, and this cooperative behavior continues to ensure the maintenance of the nest.
These birds will not only share the workload, but also any resources, including food and water.
When looking at a nest, it may resemble a large haystack in a tree. These nests contain entrances on the underside, giving them a honeycomb-like appearance. In the Etosha National Park in Botswana, it was reported that a single nest has remained intact for an impressive 199 years!
Where to See Them
The sociable weaver is common in semi-arid regions, most notably in the Kalahari Desert. However, they may be spotted in some of the national parks, like Etosha National Park in Namibia, Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe, and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in South Africa, although their populations are not limited to these parks.
When to See Them
If you’re looking to spot the sociable weaver during its breeding season, which is undoubtedly a treat, then you’ll need to head out on safari during the rainy season. This is when there will be much more nest activity, but these birds are active around the year, regardless.
Sociable weavers are diurnal birds so they’re more active during the day. Your best chance of spotting one is in the early morning or the late afternoon.
